Explain how SIP handles NAT traversal. What role do STUN, TURN, and ICE play in this process? In SIP, what is the difference between a re-INVITE and UPDATE message? How does SIP forking work, and how is call state maintained across multiple endpoints? Can you explain RTP vs SRTP? How is encryption managed in real-time media streams? What mechanisms can be used in SIP to prevent toll fraud? How would you troubleshoot one-way audio issues in a SIP call flow? Explain SIP REGISTER, INVITE, and BYE message flows with detailed headersExplain how Python’s Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) affects multi-threaded applications. What’s the difference between synchronous, asynchronous, and multiprocessing in Python? How would you parse and analyze SIP packets using Python? Can you explain Python decorators and give a real-world use case in VOIP automation? What’s the difference between deep copy and shallow copy in Python objects? How would you design a Python script to monitor SIP call quality using RTP statistics (jitter, latency, packet loss)? How do you optimize Python code for low latency in real-time communication systems?